BUSI 510 Exam 2

BUSI 510 Exam 2 Liberty University

1. Alderfer’s ERG theory like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory requires an individual to satisfy a lower level need for a higher-level need to become the driver of a person’s behavior.
2. The content theories of motivation focus on the assumption that individuals are motivated by the desire to satisfy their inner needs.
3. According to Herzberg, the opposite of job satisfaction is job dissatisfaction.
4. The levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs are:
5. The frustration-regression principle of the ERG theory explains that when a barrier prevents an individual from obtaining a higher level need, a person may “regress” to a lower-level need (or vice versa) to achieve satisfaction.
6. The scheduling of reinforcement is important because the frequency will determine the time it takes to learn a new behavior.
7. According to B. F. Skinner, an individual’s behavior can be redirected through the use of reinforcement.
8. According to Vroom’s VIE theory, an individual’s perception that his or her performance is related to other outcomes, either positively or negatively, is referred to as:
9. What type of reinforcement occurs when an unpleasant effect is eliminated or avoided?
10. According to Vroom, the forces that drives a person to perform is dependent upon four factors: motivation, valence, instrumentality, and expectancy.
11. If failures are caused by unstable internal forces, such as insufficient effort, it is important for employees to make that attribution even if it is not the most desirable short-term conclusion.
12. Instrumental aggression describes behaviors targeted at obtaining a goal that the employing organization is not providing.
13. Which attribution refers to a state of heightened motivation that is focused on an undesirable behavior or goal?
14. Organizational rules and norms can cause learned helplessness among employees in the same manner that experiments induce it in dogs.
15. Promoting psychological closeness is a proper technique for avoiding which of the following tendencies?
16. Managers are not dependent on others due to two organizational factors: division of labor and limited resources.
17. Which have a tremendous potential for power by withholding information or providing incorrect information?
18. Which gain power because others have delegated responsibilities to them that they themselves do not want to do but which are accompanied with a certain amount of power?
19. Through the value-based purchasing initiative enacted by the Affordable Care Act, what has transformed from a passive payer to an active purchase of higher quality, more efficient health care?
20. “Having value” is an important component of both reward power and coercive power for either power to be effective.
21. Which type of manager balances the concern for task and the concern for people in an effort to boost morale and satisfaction?
22. A weakness noted in the Ohio State studies was that situational factors were absent from the research.
23. Management and leadership are both necessary for an organization to achieve its goals.
24. Under the Great Man Theory, many believed that individuals are born with leadership traits.
25. The University of Michigan studies attempted to determine the most effective style of leadership: an employee-centered focus or a production-centered focus.