CJUS 324 Midterm

CJUS 324 Midterm

1. A police program designed for older adolescents and college students that allows participants to perform some police tasks and learn about law enforcement is called
2. Morris Kent was charged with _____.
3. In a _____ of policing, an officer uses criminal law, threats, temporary custody, and problem solving to keep the peace.
4. Which of the following is defined as the system of agencies that is designed to manage adult offenders?
5. Which of the following terms is used to describe the number of crimes that are committed but are undiscovered or unreported?
6. The period of time during the 1960s and early 1970s when the U.S. Supreme Court made several rulings that created or applied additional due process protections to juvenile justice is called
7. According to Merton, which of the following modes of adaptation involves rejection of the cultural goal of economic success and acceptance of the institutionalized means to obtain it?
8. The _____ program is a holistic program that attempts to build and enhance the interactions of juveniles with their families, peers, teachers, and other members of the community.
9. Cesare Beccaria believed that punishment should be _____.
10. In the context of biological and genetic risk and protective factors, the most powerful predictors of individual violent criminality in general are
11. In 1968, Joseph McKeiver, age 16, was charged with _____.
12. The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism focused on the plight of _____.
13. The use of diversion and prevention programs as a means to bring more juveniles under court control instead of as an alternative to formal processing is referred to as
14. The _____ was the first legislation in the United States to specifically provide for a separate system of juvenile justice.
15. The first juvenile court was founded in _____.
16. Most states define the maximum age of juvenile court jurisdiction as age _____.
17. A sanction requiring a juvenile offender to perform a predetermined number of hours of volunteer work is called
18. A group of progressive reformers in the late 1800s who were responsible for the creation of the juvenile justice system in the United States was known as
19. thought that most delinquents hold conventional values, norms, and beliefs and must learn to neutralize the values before committing delinquent acts.
20. In the context of community-based programs, which of the following is true about the Youth Town Hall Meetings (YTHMs)?
21. Rights that protect an individual against arbitrary and unreasonable action are called _____.
22. A law passed by Congress in 1996 that embraces the punitive and accountability assumptions advocated in the late 1970s and 1980s was called the
23. Which of the following is designed to impose a sanction on adjudicated delinquents to prevent them from continuing to commit delinquent acts in the future?
24. Officers who tend to approach juvenile matters “by the book” are probably from a _____ department.
25. The idea that day-to-day operations of the juvenile justice system should be left up to the professionals working in the system without court review or intervention is called
26. In the context of the juvenile justice system, disposition frequently involves _____.
27. Which of the following theories seeks to explain delinquency based on where it occurs?
28. In 1899, the first formal juvenile court was opened in _____.
29. The juvenile court system in the United States has been in existence since _____.
30. The legal acceptance of parens patriae was established in the _____ case.
31. According to the text, the most comprehensive official measure of crime in the United States is
32. Any behavior that is prohibited by the juvenile law of a state is called _____.
33. An example of a victimless crime is _____.
34. Authors D. P. Rosenbaum and G. Ganson concluded that the D.A.R.E. program _____.
35. The first reform school for boys in the United States was the _____.
36. Which of the following is defined as a quick fix or a cure-all?
37. In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court state that a juvenile is entitled to an attorney, and if the child could not afford one, one would be appointed?
38. Evidence that is of greater weight or more convincing than evidence that is offered in opposition to it is usually called
39. The process through which a juvenile court relinquishes jurisdiction over a juvenile offender and the case is processed in adult court is called
40. In the context of the three measures of juvenile crime, which of the following is true of victimization surveys?
41. A sanction by which a juvenile offender pays his or her victim for the harm done by the juvenile is called
42. In the context of the historical assumptions of juvenile justice, which of the following is a goal of the traditional model of juvenile justice?
43. A philosophical movement in policing designed to make the community a co-active partner with law enforcement was called
44. Variables that, by their presence or absence, are correlated with delinquency are called _____.
45. Which of the following is an example of subculture theory?
46. Before the 20th century, juveniles were essentially _____, or property.
47. _____ developed five modes of adaptation.
48. Under common law doctrine, individuals under age _____ were presumed to be unable to develop intent and therefore could not be prosecuted and punished for their actions.
49. The legal concept of allowing the state to “act in place of the parents” is called _____.
50. An approach that targets multiple aspects of a problem using multiple agencies and groups instead of a single intervention method is called _____.