GOVT 422 Quiz Basics of Government

GOVT 422 Quiz Basics of Government Liberty

1. The doctrine of _____ has historically imposed some limits on intergovernmental taxation.
2. In upholding the Social Security Act of 1935, the Supreme Court accorded broad scope to Congress’s
3. In U.S. v. Darby (1941) the Supreme Court upheld the
4. Crimes committed by persons in the military services are normally tried before
5. Until 1937 the Supreme Court often frustrated attempts by Congress to exercise police powers. The Court achieved this result by
6. The Supreme Court in _____ struck down a federal statutory provision allowing victims of gender-motivated violence to sue their victimizers in federal court.
7. There have been 9 justices on the Supreme Court since _____.
8. The _____ governed the United States prior to ratification of the Constitution, but was ultimately undone as the central government created within was simply too weak to unify the States.
9. In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court invalidated the _____ of 1820.
10. In _____, the Supreme Court upheld a provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that provided no person completing the sixth grade in an accredited non-English-language Puerto Rican school can be denied the right to vote through inability to read or write English.
11. The _____ states that “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
12. The _____ authorizes the attorney general to suspend voting tests and assign federal voting registrars and poll watchers to any state or political subdivision in which less than 50 percent of the voting age population was registered.
13. courts exist to correct legal errors made by trial courts and to settle controversies about disputed legal principles.
14. Broad environmental legislation passed by Congress under the power to regulate interstate commerce has been _____ received in the Supreme Court.
15. Which of the following is an example of an implied power of Congress?
16. The Constitution requires that “indirect taxes” must be
17. Article _____ of the Constitution recognizes the judiciary as a separate branch of government.
18. To be removed from office on impeachment, a federal judge must be convicted by a _____ vote of the U.S. Senate.
19. Jefferson was highly influence by John Locke while writing the Declaration of Independence, and he adapted all of these ideals from the Lockean philosophy EXCEPT
20. The Supreme Court’s practice of issuing an “opinion of the Court” was initiated by Chief Justice
21. According to the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, approximately _____ criminal and civil cases were filed in the federal district courts from September 2007 to September 2008.
22. In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court recognized a broad sphere of Congressional action under the _____ and, at the same time, placed restrictions on state grants of commercial monopoly.
23. In Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918), the Supreme Court invalidated a federal statute imposing restrictions on the use of
24. The _____ states: “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”
25. In American constitutional law, _____ denotes the power of a court of law to review a policy of government (usually a legislative act) and to invalidate that policy if it is found to be contrary to constitutional principles.
26. The _____ appeared as a series of newspaper editorials after the Constitutional Convention arguing in favor of ratification of the Constitution.
27. The Supreme Court upheld the power of Congress to enforce a subpoena in _____, a case stemming from a Senate investigation into the Teapot Dome scandal during the administration of President Warren G. Harding.
28. In the Judiciary Act of 1801, quickly passed in the ending days of the John Adams Administration, Congress decreased the number of Supreme Court justices to
29. Under the Chief Justice John Roberts, the Supreme Court has continued to move, with notable exceptions, in a _____ direction.
30. argues that the Constitution should be understood in terms of the intentions of those who wrote it or the meaning generally ascribed to the document at the time of its ratification.
31. By comparison with the Court of the mid-1930s, the Supreme Court of today is
32. When all of the judges on an appellate court participate in the oral argument of a case it is said that they are sitting
33. The _____ prohibits military authorities from quartering troops in citizens’ homes without their consent.
34. In _____ (1978), the Court permitted residents of a community near the site of a proposed nuclear power plant to challenge the constitutionality of the federal Price-Anderson Act, which facilitates construction of nuclear plants by limiting liability for accidents.
35. Justice _____ articulated the Ashwander rules, which seek to protect judicial power not only by deflecting constitutional questions but by making narrow rulings when constitutional issues are considered.
36. Supreme Court justices inclined toward _____ are more likely to take an expansive view of the Court’s jurisdiction and powers than are judges who embrace judicial restraint.
37. The Supreme Court grants approximately _____ petitions for certiorari out of the 10,000 that are filed each term.
38. The_____ Plan called for a bicameral legislature of the national government where seats were apportioned among the states based on population.
39. The _____ has provided the Supreme Court substantial control over its own agenda.
40. In _____, the Court granted standing to a taxpayer to challenge federal spending that would benefit parochial schools in possible violation of the Establishment of Religion Clause of the First Amendment.
41. Describe the political questions doctrine that the Supreme Court historically exercised in avoiding certain types of cases. Provide examples of issues that the Court has at various times declared to be “political questions.”
42. Explain the origin of judicial review and evaluate the various justifications that have been proposed for it.